What is uranium and why is it so important?

Uranium is the radioactive metal that fuels nuclear power, about 10% of the world's electricity. Demand is rising with energy security, electrification and AI data centers. Only a few countries mine most of it. In 2024, Kazakhstan, Canada and Namibia produced nearly 75% of the world's uranium, according to the World Nuclear Association. Why is uranium in the news? Enrichment. Mined uranium is turned into a gas and spun in centrifuges to raise its share of the atoms that release energy. A power reactor needs about 3% to 5%. A nuclear bomb needs about 90%. That is why wars are fought over centrifuges. In June 2025, Iran held 440.9 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60%, a short step from weapons grade, according to the IAEA, the UN's nuclear watchdog. That same month, Israel and the US bombed Iran's enrichment sites. The IAEA has not been able to verify the stockpile since. The same machine that lights your city can arm a bomb. My forecast: Kazakhstan remains the world's largest uranium miner in 2030, producing at least 35% of global mine output. Governments will treat uranium enrichment as a national-security priority. Raw materials, natural resources, commodities, minerals, critical minerals and rare earths: see my top 10 raw materials, my OIL 2075 prediction card and the top 10 richest countries in natural resources.